Jumat, 27 Juli 2012

Penjelasan 7 tenses


Tenses adalah bentuk kata kerja yang menunjukan waktu. Masing-masing tense mempunyai kegunaan yang berbeda sesuai dengan waktu kapan suatu kegiatan/kejadian/keadaan berlangsung.
Disini saya akan membahas 9 tenses yang merupakan bagian dari 16 tenses dalam tata bahasa Inggris.
1.     Simple Present Tense
Tenses ini digunakan untuk:
  • Menyataka/mengungkapkan kegiatan yang sering dilakukan atau rutinitas. Misalnya, dilakukan tiap hari, setiap minggu, setiap bulan, setiap tahun, dst.
  • Menyatakan keadaan, sifat dari benda/binatang/orang yang tetap, artinya dari dulu hingga sekarang( tidak dapat dibantah) dan mungkin nantinya tidak akan berubah. Misalnya, darah merah, bumi bulat, dst. 
Example:
I/we/they/you +          INFINITIF
He/she/it         +          INFINITIF + S           
 
Kalimat Positif(+)
Formula                                                    



a.       We go to school everyday.
b.      She always helps her mother.
c.       Andi plays football everyweek.
I/we/they/you +         Do not    +       INFINITIF
He/she/it         +         Does not  +       INFINITIF


 
Kalimat Negatif (-)
Formula



a.      We don’t go to shool everyday.
b.      She doesn’t always help her mother.
c.       Andi doesn’t play football everyweek.

Kalimat Pertanyaan (?)
Do     + I/we/they/you +          INFINITIF
Does + He/she/it         +          INFINITIF


 
Formula



a.       Do we go to school everyday ?
b.      Does she always help her mother ?
c.       Does Andi play football everyday ?

WH Questions

a.       What do we do everyday ?
b.      Who does she always help ?
c.       What dose Andi play everyday ?

2.      Present Progressive Tense
Tenses ini digunakan untuk:
  • Menerangkan suatu perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu sekarang.
Example:
Kalimat Positif (+)
Subject   +    To be  (am, are, is) + Present participle


 
Formula

a.       They are studying English now.
b.      He is playing soccer .
c.       We are doing the task

Subject   + To be (am, are, is) + Not + Present Participle


 
Kalimat Negatif (-)
    Formula


a.       They are not studying English Now
b.      He is not playing soccer.
c.       We aren’t doing the task.
To be  (am, are, is) +  Subject + Present Participle


 
Kalimat Pertanyaan(?)
               Formula


a.       Are They studying English Now ?
b.      Is he playing soccer ?
c.       Are you doing the task ?
WH Questions
a.       What are they studying now ?
b.      What is he doing ?
c.       What are you doing ?

3.     Present Perfect Tense
Tenses ini digunakan untuk:
  • Menerangkan suatu kegiatan yang dilakukan pada waktu lampau yang masih ada hubungannya dengan waktu sekarang namun waktu terjadinya tidak jelas diketahui.
  • Menunjukan suatu perbuatan uklangan pada waktu yan tidak tertentu sebelum sekarang. Dalam hal ini sering dipakai kata-kata separti before, already, ever, never, yet.
Example:
I/ we/ you/ they          +          HAVE   +          Past Participle
He/ she/ it                   +          HAS      +          Past Participle

 
Kalimat Positif (+)
Formula


a.       I have ever been there.
b.      He has taught English since seven years ago.
c.       She has lived in England since ten years ago.
Kalimat Negatif (-)
Formula
I/ we/ you/ they          +  HAVE  Not   +          Past Participle
He/ she/ it                   + HAS Not        +          Past Participle

 





a.       I have not ever been there.
b.      He has not taught English since seven years ago.
c.       She has not lived in England since ten years ago.

Kalimat Pertanyaan(?)
HAVE   +          I/ we/ you/ they          +   Past Participle
HAS      +          He/ she/ it                   +   Past Participle

 
Formula



a.       Have you ever been there ?
b.      Has he taught English since seven years ago ?
c.       Has she lived in England since ten years ago ?
WH Questions
a.       Where place have you ever been ?
b.      How log has he taught Engllish ?
c.       Where has she live since ten years ago ?

4.     Present Perfect Progressive tense
Tenses ini digunakan untuk:
·         Menyatakan perbuatan yang dimulai pada waktu lampau dan masih berlangsung hingga sekarang.
Example:
I/ we/ you/they           +          HAVE +            BEEN  +           Present Participle 
He/ she/ it                   +          HAS   +BEEN    +          Present Participle

 
Kalimat Positif (+)
Formula


a.       We have been waiting for you since seven o’clock.
b.      She has been studying English for three years.
c.       They have been touring since yesterday.

I/ we/ you/they +        HAVE  Not + BEEN  + Present Participle 
He/ she/ it          +       HAS  Not   + BEEN    + Present Participle

 
Kalimat Negatif (-)
Formula



a.         We have not been waiting for you since seven o’clock. 
b.         She has not been studying English for three years.
c.         They have been touring since yesterday.

HAVE   + I/ we/ you/they        +          BEEN  +  Present Participle
HAS      + He/ she/ it                +          BEEN  + Present Participle 

 
Kalimat Pertanyaan(?)
Formula
       

                                    
a.       Have You been waiting for me since seven o’clock ?
b.      Has She been studying English for three years ?
c.        Have they been touring since yesterday ?

WH Questions
a.       Who have You been waiting since seven o’clock ?
b.      What has She been studying for three years ?
c.       What have they been doing since yesterday ?

5.     Simple Past Tense
Tenses ini digunakan untuk:
  • Menyatakan kegiatan yang selesai dilakukan pada waktu lampau dan diketahui pula waktu terjadinya.
Example:
Kalimat Positif(+)
Subject   + Past Tense(V2)


 
Formula        
              
a.       They  went to Yogyakarta last week.
b.      She came here yesterday.
c.       I watched the movie last night.
Kalimat Negatif (-)
Formula
Subject   + did not+ INFINITIF(V1)


 



a.       They  didn’t go to Yogyakarta last week.
b.      She didn’t come here yesterday.
c.       I didn’t watched the movie last night.
Kalimat Pertanyaan(?)
Did + Subject  + INFINITIF(V1)


 
Formula           
      

a.       Did they  go to Yogyakarta last week ?
b.      Did she come here yesterday ?
c.       Did you watch the movie last night ?
WH Questions
a.       Where did they go last week ?
b.      When did she come here ?
c.       When did you watch the movie ?

6.     Past ProgressiveTense.
Tenses ini digunakan untuk:
  • Menyatakan kegiatan yang sudah dimulai dan masih berlangsung pada waktu lampau  pada saat peristiwa lain terjadi atau kegiatan yang lain dilakukan.
  • Menyatakan perbuatan yang sedang terjadi pada waktu lampau.

 Example:

I/ we/ you/they           +          WERE  +          Present Participle
He/ she/ it                   +          WAS     +          Present Participle

 
Kalimat Positif (+)
Formula



a.       I was watching Tv, when you played the game.
b.      I was sleeping, while you was calling me.
c.       She was reading a book, when you listened the rock music.


I/ we/ you/they           + WERE Not  + Present Participle
He/ she/ it                   + WAS Not    + Present Participle

 
Kalimat Negatif (-)
Formula



a.       I was not watching Tv, when you played the game.
b.      I was not sleeping, while you was calling me.
c.       She was not reading a book, when you listened the rock music.

Kalimat Pertanyaan(?)
WERE  +          I/ we/ you/they           +          Present Participle
WAS     +          He/ she/ it                   +          Present Participle

 
Formula



a.       Were you watching Tv, when I played the game ?
b.      Were you sleeping, while I was calling you ?
c.        Was she reading a English book, when you listened the rock music?

WH Questions.
a.       What were you doing, when I played the game ?
b.      What were you doing, while I was calling you ?
c.       What book was she reading, when you listened the rock music ?


7.     Simple Future Tense
Tenses ini digunakan untuk:
  • Menyatakan kegiatan yang akan dilakukan pada waktu yang akan datang.

Example:
Kalimat Positif (+)
Subject   + Will + INFINITIF(V1)


 
Formula


a.       He will meet you in Campus tomorrow morning.
b.      She will visit her grandma next week .
c.       I will meet mary this evening

Kalimat Negatif (-)
Subject   + Will not + INFINITIF(V1)


 
Formula


a.       He will not meet you in Campus tomorrow morning.
b.      She will not visit her grandma next week .
c.       I will not meet Mary this night.

Kalimat Pertanyaan(?)
Will + Subject  + INFINITIF(V1)


 
Formula 


a.       Will he meet you in Campus tomorrow morning ?
b.      Will she visit her grandma next week ?
c.       Will you meet Mary this night ?

WH Questions.
a.       When Will he meet you in Campus ?
b.      When Will she visit her grandma ?
c.       Who Will you meet this night ?

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