Penjelasan 7 tenses

Tenses adalah bentuk kata kerja yang menunjukan waktu. Masing-masing tense mempunyai kegunaan yang berbeda sesuai dengan waktu kapan suatu kegiatan/kejadian/keadaan berlangsung.

Disini saya akan membahas 9 tenses yang merupakan bagian dari 16 tenses dalam tata bahasa Inggris.

1.     Simple Present Tense

Tenses ini digunakan untuk:

• Menyataka/mengungkapkan kegiatan yang sering dilakukan atau rutinitas. Misalnya, dilakukan tiap hari, setiap minggu, setiap bulan, setiap tahun, dst.

• Menyatakan keadaan, sifat dari benda/binatang/orang yang tetap, artinya dari dulu hingga sekarang( tidak dapat dibantah) dan mungkin nantinya tidak akan berubah. Misalnya, darah merah, bumi bulat, dst. 

Example:

I/we/they/you +          INFINITIF He/she/it         +          INFINITIF + S

Kalimat Positif(+)

Formula                                                    

a.       We go to school everyday.

b.      She always helps her mother.

c.       Andi plays football everyweek.

I/we/they/you +         Do not    +       INFINITIF He/she/it         +         Does not  +       INFINITIF

Kalimat Negatif (-)

Formula

a.      We don’t go to shool everyday.

b.      She doesn’t always help her mother.

c.       Andi doesn’t play football everyweek.

Kalimat Pertanyaan (?)

Do     + I/we/they/you +          INFINITIF Does + He/she/it         +          INFINITIF

Formula

a.       Do we go to school everyday ?

b.      Does she always help her mother ?

c.       Does Andi play football everyday ?

WH Questions

a.       What do we do everyday ?

b.      Who does she always help ?

c.       What dose Andi play everyday ?

2.      Present Progressive Tense

Tenses ini digunakan untuk:

• Menerangkan suatu perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu sekarang.

Example:

Kalimat Positif (+)

Subject   +    To be  (am, are, is) + Present participle

Formula

a.       They are studying English now.

b.      He is playing soccer .

c.       We are doing the task

Subject   + To be (am, are, is) + Not + Present Participle

Kalimat Negatif (-)

    Formula

a.       They are not studying English Now

b.      He is not playing soccer.

c.       We aren’t doing the task.

To be  (am, are, is) +  Subject + Present Participle

Kalimat Pertanyaan(?)

               Formula

a.       Are They studying English Now ?

b.      Is he playing soccer ?

c.       Are you doing the task ?

WH Questions

a.       What are they studying now ?

b.      What is he doing ?

c.       What are you doing ?

3.     Present Perfect Tense

Tenses ini digunakan untuk:

• Menerangkan suatu kegiatan yang dilakukan pada waktu lampau yang masih ada hubungannya dengan waktu sekarang namun waktu terjadinya tidak jelas diketahui.
• Menunjukan suatu perbuatan uklangan pada waktu yan tidak tertentu sebelum sekarang. Dalam hal ini sering dipakai kata-kata separti before, already, ever, never, yet.

Example:

I/ we/ you/ they          +          HAVE   +          Past Participle He/ she/ it                   +          HAS      +          Past Participle

Kalimat Positif (+)

Formula

a.       I have ever been there.

b.      He has taught English since seven years ago.

c.       She has lived in England since ten years ago.

Kalimat Negatif (-)

Formula

I/ we/ you/ they          +  HAVE  Not   +          Past Participle He/ she/ it                   + HAS Not        +          Past Participle

a.       I have not ever been there.

b.      He has not taught English since seven years ago.

c.       She has not lived in England since ten years ago.

Kalimat Pertanyaan(?)

HAVE   +          I/ we/ you/ they          +   Past Participle HAS      +          He/ she/ it                   +   Past Participle

Formula

a.       Have you ever been there ?

b.      Has he taught English since seven years ago ?

c.       Has she lived in England since ten years ago ?

WH Questions

a.       Where place have you ever been ?

b.      How log has he taught Engllish ?

c.       Where has she live since ten years ago ?

4.     Present Perfect Progressive tense

Tenses ini digunakan untuk:

·         Menyatakan perbuatan yang dimulai pada waktu lampau dan masih berlangsung hingga sekarang.

Example:

I/ we/ you/they           +          HAVE +            BEEN  +           Present Participle  He/ she/ it                   +          HAS   +BEEN    +          Present Participle

Kalimat Positif (+)

Formula

a.       We have been waiting for you since seven o’clock.

b.      She has been studying English for three years.

c.       They have been touring since yesterday.

I/ we/ you/they +        HAVE  Not + BEEN  + Present Participle  He/ she/ it          +       HAS  Not   + BEEN    + Present Participle

Kalimat Negatif (-)

Formula

a.         We have not been waiting for you since seven o’clock. 

b.         She has not been studying English for three years.

c.         They have been touring since yesterday.

HAVE   + I/ we/ you/they        +          BEEN  +  Present Participle HAS      + He/ she/ it                +          BEEN  + Present Participle

Kalimat Pertanyaan(?)

Formula

       

                                    

a.       Have You been waiting for me since seven o’clock ?

b.      Has She been studying English for three years ?

c.        Have they been touring since yesterday ?

WH Questions

a.       Who have You been waiting since seven o’clock ?

b.      What has She been studying for three years ?

c.       What have they been doing since yesterday ?

5.     Simple Past Tense

Tenses ini digunakan untuk:

• Menyatakan kegiatan yang selesai dilakukan pada waktu lampau dan diketahui pula waktu terjadinya.

Example:

Kalimat Positif(+)

Subject   + Past Tense(V2)

Formula        

              

a.       They  went to Yogyakarta last week.

b.      She came here yesterday.

c.       I watched the movie last night.

Kalimat Negatif (-)

Formula

Subject   + did not+ INFINITIF(V1)

a.       They  didn’t go to Yogyakarta last week.

b.      She didn’t come here yesterday.

c.       I didn’t watched the movie last night.

Kalimat Pertanyaan(?)

Did + Subject  + INFINITIF(V1)

Formula           

      

a.       Did they  go to Yogyakarta last week ?

b.      Did she come here yesterday ?

c.       Did you watch the movie last night ?

WH Questions

a.       Where did they go last week ?

b.      When did she come here ?

c.       When did you watch the movie ?

6.     Past ProgressiveTense.

Tenses ini digunakan untuk:

• Menyatakan kegiatan yang sudah dimulai dan masih berlangsung pada waktu lampau  pada saat peristiwa lain terjadi atau kegiatan yang lain dilakukan.
• Menyatakan perbuatan yang sedang terjadi pada waktu lampau.

 Example:

I/ we/ you/they           +          WERE  +          Present Participle He/ she/ it                   +          WAS     +          Present Participle

Kalimat Positif (+)

Formula

a.       I was watching Tv, when you played the game.

b.      I was sleeping, while you was calling me.

c.       She was reading a book, when you listened the rock music.

I/ we/ you/they           + WERE Not  + Present Participle He/ she/ it                   + WAS Not    + Present Participle

Kalimat Negatif (-)

Formula

a.       I was not watching Tv, when you played the game.

b.      I was not sleeping, while you was calling me.

c.       She was not reading a book, when you listened the rock music.

Kalimat Pertanyaan(?)

WERE  +          I/ we/ you/they           +          Present Participle WAS     +          He/ she/ it                   +          Present Participle

Formula

a.       Were you watching Tv, when I played the game ?

b.      Were you sleeping, while I was calling you ?

c.        Was she reading a English book, when you listened the rock music?

WH Questions.

a.       What were you doing, when I played the game ?

b.      What were you doing, while I was calling you ?

c.       What book was she reading, when you listened the rock music ?

7.     Simple Future Tense

Tenses ini digunakan untuk:

• Menyatakan kegiatan yang akan dilakukan pada waktu yang akan datang.

Example:

Kalimat Positif (+)

Subject   + Will + INFINITIF(V1)

Formula

a.       He will meet you in Campus tomorrow morning.

b.      She will visit her grandma next week .

c.       I will meet mary this evening

Kalimat Negatif (-)

Subject   + Will not + INFINITIF(V1)

Formula

a.       He will not meet you in Campus tomorrow morning.

b.      She will not visit her grandma next week .

c.       I will not meet Mary this night.

Kalimat Pertanyaan(?)

Will + Subject  + INFINITIF(V1)

Formula 

a.       Will he meet you in Campus tomorrow morning ?

b.      Will she visit her grandma next week ?

c.       Will you meet Mary this night ?

WH Questions.

a.       When Will he meet you in Campus ?

b.      When Will she visit her grandma ?

c.       Who Will you meet this night ?